While 1 new battery may start the bus, it is a heavy load for just one battery and it won't last long. Cold weather, memory for electronics, leaving the lights on - all these will drain the battery and run the risk of not having enough power to start the bus. This is why manufacturers use multiple batteries in parallel, to give extra power for cold weather, spread the load across multiple batteries and extend their life.
Also, some states require a minimum amount of battery power and reserve (typically for the above mentioned reasons), and one Group 31 battery simply can't provide enough.
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